See hoe in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hoel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hoer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hoete"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "houe"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "houe"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "hoe"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"raw_tags": [
"Guernésiais"
],
"word": "haoue"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"raw_tags": [
"Ch'ti"
],
"word": "hau"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "awe"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "hawe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "howe"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "howe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "howe"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "houwe"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*hauwā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hauwā"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hauwā"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hauwā",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Frankish *hauwā. Attested from the late 12th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hoe oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "hoes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hoe",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hou",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglo-Norman"
]
},
{
"form": "howe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglo-Norman"
]
},
{
"form": "hewe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglo-Norman"
]
},
{
"form": "owe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglo-Norman"
]
},
{
"form": "haue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "houe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "hoe oblique singular, f (oblique plural hoes, nominative singular hoe, nominative plural hoes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hoe"
],
"id": "en-hoe-fro-noun-MsKqrVXk",
"links": [
[
"hoe",
"hoe#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 65 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"billhook"
],
"id": "en-hoe-fro-noun-zhJ6wEtm",
"links": [
[
"billhook",
"billhook#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"toeclip of a horseshoe"
],
"id": "en-hoe-fro-noun-2Dxp93MK",
"links": [
[
"toeclip",
"toeclip"
],
[
"horseshoe",
"horseshoe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) toeclip of a horseshoe"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɔə/",
"note": "classical"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhuə/",
"note": "late"
}
],
"word": "hoe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Frankish",
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hoel"
},
{
"word": "hoer"
},
{
"word": "hoete"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "houe"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "houe"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "hoe"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"raw_tags": [
"Guernésiais"
],
"word": "haoue"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"raw_tags": [
"Ch'ti"
],
"word": "hau"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "awe"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "hawe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "howe"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "howe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "howe"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "houwe"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*hauwā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hauwā"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hauwā"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hauwā",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Frankish *hauwā. Attested from the late 12th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hoe oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "hoes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hoe",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hou",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglo-Norman"
]
},
{
"form": "howe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglo-Norman"
]
},
{
"form": "hewe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglo-Norman"
]
},
{
"form": "owe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglo-Norman"
]
},
{
"form": "haue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "houe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "hoe oblique singular, f (oblique plural hoes, nominative singular hoe, nominative plural hoes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hoe"
],
"links": [
[
"hoe",
"hoe#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"billhook"
],
"links": [
[
"billhook",
"billhook#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"toeclip of a horseshoe"
],
"links": [
[
"toeclip",
"toeclip"
],
[
"horseshoe",
"horseshoe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) toeclip of a horseshoe"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɔə/",
"note": "classical"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhuə/",
"note": "late"
}
],
"word": "hoe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hoe meaning in Old French (2.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'hoe oblique singular or', originally 'hoe oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"hoe"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "hoe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'hoe oblique singular or', originally 'hoe oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"hoe"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "hoe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'hoe oblique singular or' in 'hoe oblique singular, f (oblique plural hoes, nominative singular hoe, nominative plural hoes)'",
"path": [
"hoe"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "hoe",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.